LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - capy/ex - run_async.hpp (source / functions) Coverage Total Hit Missed
Test: coverage_remapped.info Lines: 100.0 % 165 165
Test Date: 2026-07-23 14:04:32 Functions: 98.3 % 3891 3826 65

           TLA  Line data    Source code
       1                 : //
       2                 : // Copyright (c) 2025 Vinnie Falco (vinnie.falco@gmail.com)
       3                 : //
       4                 : // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
       5                 : // file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
       6                 : //
       7                 : // Official repository: https://github.com/cppalliance/capy
       8                 : //
       9                 : 
      10                 : #ifndef BOOST_CAPY_RUN_ASYNC_HPP
      11                 : #define BOOST_CAPY_RUN_ASYNC_HPP
      12                 : 
      13                 : #include <boost/capy/detail/config.hpp>
      14                 : #include <boost/capy/detail/run.hpp>
      15                 : #include <boost/capy/detail/run_callbacks.hpp>
      16                 : #include <boost/capy/concept/executor.hpp>
      17                 : #include <boost/capy/concept/io_runnable.hpp>
      18                 : #include <boost/capy/ex/execution_context.hpp>
      19                 : #include <boost/capy/ex/frame_allocator.hpp>
      20                 : #include <boost/capy/ex/io_env.hpp>
      21                 : #include <boost/capy/ex/recycling_memory_resource.hpp>
      22                 : #include <boost/capy/ex/work_guard.hpp>
      23                 : 
      24                 : #include <algorithm>
      25                 : #include <coroutine>
      26                 : #include <cstring>
      27                 : #include <exception>
      28                 : #include <memory_resource>
      29                 : #include <new>
      30                 : #include <stop_token>
      31                 : #include <type_traits>
      32                 : 
      33                 : namespace boost {
      34                 : namespace capy {
      35                 : namespace detail {
      36                 : 
      37                 : /** Match types usable as `run_async` completion handlers.
      38                 : 
      39                 :     Excludes the types meaningful to the other `run_async` parameters,
      40                 :     so a stop token, memory resource pointer, or allocator argument
      41                 :     selects its dedicated overload by conversion instead of deducing
      42                 :     as an exact-match handler.
      43                 : */
      44                 : template<class H>
      45                 : concept RunAsyncHandler =
      46                 :     !std::is_convertible_v<H, std::pmr::memory_resource*> &&
      47                 :     !std::is_convertible_v<H, std::stop_token> &&
      48                 :     !Allocator<H>;
      49                 : 
      50                 : /// Function pointer type for type-erased frame deallocation.
      51                 : using dealloc_fn = void(*)(void*, std::size_t);
      52                 : 
      53                 : /// Type-erased deallocator implementation for trampoline frames.
      54                 : template<class Alloc>
      55 HIT           2 : void dealloc_impl(void* raw, std::size_t total)
      56                 : {
      57                 :     static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename Alloc::value_type, std::byte>);
      58               2 :     auto* a = std::launder(reinterpret_cast<Alloc*>(
      59               2 :         static_cast<char*>(raw) + total - sizeof(Alloc)));
      60               2 :     Alloc ba(std::move(*a));
      61                 :     a->~Alloc();
      62                 :     ba.deallocate(static_cast<std::byte*>(raw), total);
      63               2 : }
      64                 : 
      65                 : /// Awaiter to access the promise from within the coroutine.
      66                 : template<class Promise>
      67                 : struct get_promise_awaiter
      68                 : {
      69                 :     Promise* p_ = nullptr;
      70                 : 
      71            2943 :     bool await_ready() const noexcept { return false; }
      72                 : 
      73            2943 :     bool await_suspend(std::coroutine_handle<Promise> h) noexcept
      74                 :     {
      75            2943 :         p_ = &h.promise();
      76            2943 :         return false;
      77                 :     }
      78                 : 
      79            2943 :     Promise& await_resume() const noexcept
      80                 :     {
      81            2943 :         return *p_;
      82                 :     }
      83                 : };
      84                 : 
      85                 : /** Internal run_async_trampoline coroutine for run_async.
      86                 : 
      87                 :     The run_async_trampoline is allocated BEFORE the task (via C++17 postfix evaluation
      88                 :     order) and serves as the task's continuation. When the task final_suspends,
      89                 :     control returns to the run_async_trampoline which then invokes the appropriate handler.
      90                 : 
      91                 :     For value-type allocators, the run_async_trampoline stores a frame_memory_resource
      92                 :     that wraps the allocator. For memory_resource*, it stores the pointer directly.
      93                 : 
      94                 :     @tparam Ex The executor type.
      95                 :     @tparam Handlers The handler type (default_handler or handler_pair).
      96                 :     @tparam Alloc The allocator type (value type or memory_resource*).
      97                 : */
      98                 : template<class Ex, class Handlers, class Alloc>
      99                 : struct BOOST_CAPY_CORO_DESTROY_WHEN_COMPLETE run_async_trampoline
     100                 : {
     101                 :     using invoke_fn = void(*)(void*, Handlers&);
     102                 : 
     103                 :     struct promise_type
     104                 :     {
     105                 :         work_guard<Ex> wg_;
     106                 :         Handlers handlers_;
     107                 :         frame_memory_resource<Alloc> resource_;
     108                 :         io_env env_;
     109                 :         invoke_fn invoke_ = nullptr;
     110                 :         void* task_promise_ = nullptr;
     111                 :         // task_h_: raw handle for frame_guard cleanup in make_trampoline.
     112                 :         // task_cont_: continuation wrapping the same handle for executor dispatch.
     113                 :         // Both must reference the same coroutine and be kept in sync.
     114                 :         std::coroutine_handle<> task_h_;
     115                 :         continuation task_cont_;
     116                 : 
     117               2 :         promise_type(Ex& ex, Handlers& h, Alloc& a) noexcept
     118               2 :             : wg_(std::move(ex))
     119               2 :             , handlers_(std::move(h))
     120               2 :             , resource_(std::move(a))
     121                 :         {
     122               2 :         }
     123                 : 
     124               2 :         static void* operator new(
     125                 :             std::size_t size, Ex const&, Handlers const&, Alloc a)
     126                 :         {
     127                 :             using byte_alloc = typename std::allocator_traits<Alloc>
     128                 :                 ::template rebind_alloc<std::byte>;
     129                 : 
     130               2 :             constexpr auto footer_align =
     131                 :                 (std::max)(alignof(dealloc_fn), alignof(Alloc));
     132               2 :             auto padded = (size + footer_align - 1) & ~(footer_align - 1);
     133               2 :             auto total = padded + sizeof(dealloc_fn) + sizeof(Alloc);
     134                 : 
     135                 :             byte_alloc ba(std::move(a));
     136               2 :             void* raw = ba.allocate(total);
     137                 : 
     138               2 :             auto* fn_loc = reinterpret_cast<dealloc_fn*>(
     139                 :                 static_cast<char*>(raw) + padded);
     140               2 :             *fn_loc = &dealloc_impl<byte_alloc>;
     141                 : 
     142               2 :             new (fn_loc + 1) byte_alloc(std::move(ba));
     143                 : 
     144               4 :             return raw;
     145                 :         }
     146                 : 
     147               2 :         static void operator delete(void* ptr, std::size_t size)
     148                 :         {
     149               2 :             constexpr auto footer_align =
     150                 :                 (std::max)(alignof(dealloc_fn), alignof(Alloc));
     151               2 :             auto padded = (size + footer_align - 1) & ~(footer_align - 1);
     152               2 :             auto total = padded + sizeof(dealloc_fn) + sizeof(Alloc);
     153                 : 
     154               2 :             auto* fn = reinterpret_cast<dealloc_fn*>(
     155                 :                 static_cast<char*>(ptr) + padded);
     156               2 :             (*fn)(ptr, total);
     157               2 :         }
     158                 : 
     159               4 :         std::pmr::memory_resource* get_resource() noexcept
     160                 :         {
     161               4 :             return &resource_;
     162                 :         }
     163                 : 
     164               2 :         run_async_trampoline get_return_object() noexcept
     165                 :         {
     166                 :             return run_async_trampoline{
     167               2 :                 std::coroutine_handle<promise_type>::from_promise(*this)};
     168                 :         }
     169                 : 
     170               2 :         std::suspend_always initial_suspend() noexcept
     171                 :         {
     172               2 :             return {};
     173                 :         }
     174                 : 
     175               2 :         std::suspend_never final_suspend() noexcept
     176                 :         {
     177               2 :             return {};
     178                 :         }
     179                 : 
     180               2 :         void return_void() noexcept
     181                 :         {
     182               2 :         }
     183                 : 
     184                 :         // An exception reaches here only by escaping a handler: a handler
     185                 :         // that threw, or the default handler rethrowing an otherwise
     186                 :         // unhandled task exception. Cancellation is filtered out earlier
     187                 :         // by default_handler, so this is always a genuine error with no
     188                 :         // owner to receive it: fail fast.
     189                 :         void unhandled_exception() noexcept { std::terminate(); } // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
     190                 :     };
     191                 : 
     192                 :     std::coroutine_handle<promise_type> h_;
     193                 : 
     194                 :     template<IoRunnable Task>
     195               2 :     static void invoke_impl(void* p, Handlers& h)
     196                 :     {
     197                 :         using R = decltype(std::declval<Task&>().await_resume());
     198               2 :         auto& promise = *static_cast<typename Task::promise_type*>(p);
     199               2 :         if(promise.exception())
     200               1 :             h(promise.exception());
     201                 :         else if constexpr(std::is_void_v<R>)
     202                 :             h();
     203                 :         else
     204               1 :             h(std::move(promise.result()));
     205               2 :     }
     206                 : };
     207                 : 
     208                 : /** Specialization for memory_resource* - stores pointer directly.
     209                 : 
     210                 :     This avoids double indirection when the user passes a memory_resource*.
     211                 : */
     212                 : template<class Ex, class Handlers>
     213                 : struct BOOST_CAPY_CORO_DESTROY_WHEN_COMPLETE
     214                 :     run_async_trampoline<Ex, Handlers, std::pmr::memory_resource*>
     215                 : {
     216                 :     using invoke_fn = void(*)(void*, Handlers&);
     217                 : 
     218                 :     struct promise_type
     219                 :     {
     220                 :         work_guard<Ex> wg_;
     221                 :         Handlers handlers_;
     222                 :         std::pmr::memory_resource* mr_;
     223                 :         io_env env_;
     224                 :         invoke_fn invoke_ = nullptr;
     225                 :         void* task_promise_ = nullptr;
     226                 :         // task_h_: raw handle for frame_guard cleanup in make_trampoline.
     227                 :         // task_cont_: continuation wrapping the same handle for executor dispatch.
     228                 :         // Both must reference the same coroutine and be kept in sync.
     229                 :         std::coroutine_handle<> task_h_;
     230                 :         continuation task_cont_;
     231                 : 
     232            3092 :         promise_type(
     233                 :             Ex& ex, Handlers& h, std::pmr::memory_resource* mr) noexcept
     234            3092 :             : wg_(std::move(ex))
     235            3092 :             , handlers_(std::move(h))
     236            3092 :             , mr_(mr)
     237                 :         {
     238            3092 :         }
     239                 : 
     240            3092 :         static void* operator new(
     241                 :             std::size_t size, Ex const&, Handlers const&,
     242                 :             std::pmr::memory_resource* mr)
     243                 :         {
     244            3092 :             auto total = size + sizeof(mr);
     245            3092 :             void* raw = mr->allocate(total, alignof(std::max_align_t));
     246            3092 :             std::memcpy(static_cast<char*>(raw) + size, &mr, sizeof(mr));
     247            3092 :             return raw;
     248                 :         }
     249                 : 
     250            3092 :         static void operator delete(void* ptr, std::size_t size)
     251                 :         {
     252                 :             std::pmr::memory_resource* mr;
     253            3092 :             std::memcpy(&mr, static_cast<char*>(ptr) + size, sizeof(mr));
     254            3092 :             auto total = size + sizeof(mr);
     255            3092 :             mr->deallocate(ptr, total, alignof(std::max_align_t));
     256            3092 :         }
     257                 : 
     258            6184 :         std::pmr::memory_resource* get_resource() noexcept
     259                 :         {
     260            6184 :             return mr_;
     261                 :         }
     262                 : 
     263            3092 :         run_async_trampoline get_return_object() noexcept
     264                 :         {
     265                 :             return run_async_trampoline{
     266            3092 :                 std::coroutine_handle<promise_type>::from_promise(*this)};
     267                 :         }
     268                 : 
     269            3092 :         std::suspend_always initial_suspend() noexcept
     270                 :         {
     271            3092 :             return {};
     272                 :         }
     273                 : 
     274            2941 :         std::suspend_never final_suspend() noexcept
     275                 :         {
     276            2941 :             return {};
     277                 :         }
     278                 : 
     279            2941 :         void return_void() noexcept
     280                 :         {
     281            2941 :         }
     282                 : 
     283                 :         // See primary template: an escaping handler exception is fatal.
     284                 :         void unhandled_exception() noexcept { std::terminate(); } // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
     285                 :     };
     286                 : 
     287                 :     std::coroutine_handle<promise_type> h_;
     288                 : 
     289                 :     template<IoRunnable Task>
     290            2941 :     static void invoke_impl(void* p, Handlers& h)
     291                 :     {
     292                 :         using R = decltype(std::declval<Task&>().await_resume());
     293            2941 :         auto& promise = *static_cast<typename Task::promise_type*>(p);
     294            2941 :         if(promise.exception())
     295             913 :             h(promise.exception());
     296                 :         else if constexpr(std::is_void_v<R>)
     297            1871 :             h();
     298                 :         else
     299             157 :             h(std::move(promise.result()));
     300            2941 :     }
     301                 : };
     302                 : 
     303                 : /// Coroutine body for run_async_trampoline - invokes handlers then destroys task.
     304                 : template<class Ex, class Handlers, class Alloc>
     305                 : run_async_trampoline<Ex, Handlers, Alloc>
     306            3094 : make_trampoline(Ex, Handlers, Alloc)
     307                 : {
     308                 :     // promise_type ctor steals the parameters
     309                 :     auto& p = co_await get_promise_awaiter<
     310                 :         typename run_async_trampoline<Ex, Handlers, Alloc>::promise_type>{};
     311                 : 
     312                 :     // Guard ensures the task frame is destroyed even when invoke_
     313                 :     // throws (e.g. default_handler rethrows an unhandled exception).
     314                 :     struct frame_guard
     315                 :     {
     316                 :         std::coroutine_handle<>& h;
     317            2943 :         ~frame_guard() { h.destroy(); }
     318                 :     } guard{p.task_h_};
     319                 : 
     320                 :     p.invoke_(p.task_promise_, p.handlers_);
     321            6192 : }
     322                 : 
     323                 : } // namespace detail
     324                 : 
     325                 : /** Wrapper returned by run_async that accepts a task for execution.
     326                 : 
     327                 :     This wrapper holds the run_async_trampoline coroutine, executor, stop token,
     328                 :     and handlers. The run_async_trampoline is allocated when the wrapper is constructed
     329                 :     (before the task due to C++17 postfix evaluation order).
     330                 : 
     331                 :     The rvalue ref-qualifier on `operator()` ensures the wrapper can only
     332                 :     be used as a temporary, preventing misuse that would violate LIFO ordering.
     333                 : 
     334                 :     @tparam Ex The executor type satisfying the `Executor` concept.
     335                 :     @tparam Handlers The handler type (default_handler or handler_pair).
     336                 :     @tparam Alloc The allocator type (value type or memory_resource*).
     337                 : 
     338                 :     @par Thread Safety
     339                 :     The wrapper itself should only be used from one thread. The handlers
     340                 :     may be invoked from any thread where the executor schedules work.
     341                 : 
     342                 :     @par Example
     343                 :     @code
     344                 :     // Correct usage - wrapper is temporary
     345                 :     run_async(ex)(my_task());
     346                 : 
     347                 :     // Compile error - cannot call operator() on lvalue
     348                 :     auto w = run_async(ex);
     349                 :     w(my_task());  // Error: operator() requires rvalue
     350                 :     @endcode
     351                 : 
     352                 :     @see run_async
     353                 : */
     354                 : template<Executor Ex, class Handlers, class Alloc>
     355                 : class [[nodiscard]] run_async_wrapper
     356                 : {
     357                 :     detail::run_async_trampoline<Ex, Handlers, Alloc> tr_;
     358                 :     std::stop_token st_;
     359                 :     std::pmr::memory_resource* saved_tls_;
     360                 : 
     361                 : public:
     362                 :     /** Construct the wrapper and install the frame allocator.
     363                 : 
     364                 :         Builds the trampoline, saves the current thread-local frame
     365                 :         allocator, and installs the trampoline's resource as the new
     366                 :         thread-local allocator so that the task frame (evaluated as the
     367                 :         argument to @ref operator()) is allocated from it.
     368                 : 
     369                 :         @param ex The executor on which the task runs.
     370                 :         @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     371                 :         @param h The completion handlers.
     372                 :         @param a The allocator for frame allocation.
     373                 : 
     374                 :         @note When `Alloc` is not `std::pmr::memory_resource*` it must be
     375                 :         nothrow move constructible (enforced by a `static_assert`), which
     376                 :         is what allows this constructor to be `noexcept`.
     377                 :     */
     378            3094 :     run_async_wrapper(
     379                 :         Ex ex,
     380                 :         std::stop_token st,
     381                 :         Handlers h,
     382                 :         Alloc a) noexcept
     383            3095 :         : tr_(detail::make_trampoline<Ex, Handlers, Alloc>(
     384            3097 :             std::move(ex), std::move(h), std::move(a)))
     385            3094 :         , st_(std::move(st))
     386            3094 :         , saved_tls_(get_current_frame_allocator())
     387                 :     {
     388                 :         if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<Alloc, std::pmr::memory_resource*>)
     389                 :         {
     390                 :             static_assert(
     391                 :                 std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<Alloc>,
     392                 :                 "Allocator must be nothrow move constructible");
     393                 :         }
     394                 :         // Set TLS before task argument is evaluated
     395            3094 :         set_current_frame_allocator(tr_.h_.promise().get_resource());
     396            3094 :     }
     397                 : 
     398                 :     /** Restore the previously installed frame allocator.
     399                 : 
     400                 :         Resets the thread-local frame allocator to the value saved at
     401                 :         construction, so a stale pointer to the trampoline's resource does
     402                 :         not outlive the execution context that owns it.
     403                 :     */
     404            3094 :     ~run_async_wrapper()
     405                 :     {
     406            3094 :         set_current_frame_allocator(saved_tls_);
     407            3094 :     }
     408                 : 
     409                 :     // Non-copyable, non-movable (must be used immediately)
     410                 :     run_async_wrapper(run_async_wrapper const&) = delete;
     411                 :     run_async_wrapper(run_async_wrapper&&) = delete;
     412                 :     run_async_wrapper& operator=(run_async_wrapper const&) = delete;
     413                 :     run_async_wrapper& operator=(run_async_wrapper&&) = delete;
     414                 : 
     415                 :     /** Launch the task for execution.
     416                 : 
     417                 :         This operator accepts a task and launches it on the executor.
     418                 :         The rvalue ref-qualifier ensures the wrapper is consumed, enforcing
     419                 :         correct LIFO destruction order.
     420                 : 
     421                 :         The `io_env` constructed for the task is owned by the trampoline
     422                 :         coroutine and is guaranteed to outlive the task and all awaitables
     423                 :         in its chain. Awaitables may store `io_env const*` without concern
     424                 :         for dangling references.
     425                 : 
     426                 :         @tparam Task The IoRunnable type.
     427                 : 
     428                 :         @param t The task to execute. Ownership is transferred to the
     429                 :                  run_async_trampoline which will destroy it after completion.
     430                 :     */
     431                 :     template<IoRunnable Task>
     432            3094 :     void operator()(Task t) &&
     433                 :     {
     434            3094 :         auto task_h = t.handle();
     435            3094 :         auto& task_promise = task_h.promise();
     436            3094 :         t.release();
     437                 : 
     438            3094 :         auto& p = tr_.h_.promise();
     439                 : 
     440                 :         // Inject Task-specific invoke function
     441            3094 :         p.invoke_ = detail::run_async_trampoline<Ex, Handlers, Alloc>::template invoke_impl<Task>;
     442            3094 :         p.task_promise_ = &task_promise;
     443            3094 :         p.task_h_ = task_h;
     444                 : 
     445                 :         // Setup task's continuation to return to run_async_trampoline
     446            3094 :         task_promise.set_continuation(tr_.h_);
     447            6188 :         p.env_ = {p.wg_.executor(), st_, p.get_resource()};
     448            3094 :         task_promise.set_environment(&p.env_);
     449                 : 
     450                 :         // Start task through executor.
     451                 :         // safe_resume is not needed here: TLS is already saved in the
     452                 :         // constructor (saved_tls_) and restored in the destructor.
     453            3094 :         p.task_cont_.h = task_h;
     454            3094 :         p.wg_.executor().dispatch(p.task_cont_).resume();
     455            6188 :     }
     456                 : };
     457                 : 
     458                 : // Executor only (uses default recycling allocator)
     459                 : 
     460                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task on the given executor.
     461                 : 
     462                 :     Use this to start execution of a `task<T>` that was created lazily.
     463                 :     The returned wrapper must be immediately invoked with the task;
     464                 :     storing the wrapper and calling it later violates LIFO ordering.
     465                 : 
     466                 :     Uses the default recycling frame allocator for coroutine frames.
     467                 :     With no handlers, the result is discarded. An unhandled exception
     468                 :     thrown by the task calls `std::terminate`; pass an error handler to
     469                 :     receive it as an `exception_ptr`, or `co_await` the work inside a
     470                 :     coroutine if you want to catch it.
     471                 : 
     472                 :     @par Thread Safety
     473                 :     The wrapper and handlers may be called from any thread where the
     474                 :     executor schedules work.
     475                 : 
     476                 :     @par Example
     477                 :     @code
     478                 :     run_async(ioc.get_executor())(my_task());
     479                 :     @endcode
     480                 : 
     481                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     482                 : 
     483                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     484                 : 
     485                 :     @see task
     486                 :     @see executor
     487                 : */
     488                 : template<Executor Ex>
     489                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     490              31 : run_async(Ex ex)
     491                 : {
     492              31 :     auto* mr = ex.context().get_frame_allocator();
     493                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::default_handler, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     494              31 :         std::move(ex),
     495              62 :         std::stop_token{},
     496                 :         detail::default_handler{},
     497              31 :         mr);
     498                 : }
     499                 : 
     500                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with a result handler.
     501                 : 
     502                 :     The handler `h1` is called with the task's result on success. If `h1`
     503                 :     is also invocable with `std::exception_ptr`, it handles exceptions too.
     504                 :     Otherwise, an unhandled exception calls `std::terminate`.
     505                 : 
     506                 :     @par Thread Safety
     507                 :     The handler may be called from any thread where the executor
     508                 :     schedules work.
     509                 : 
     510                 :     @par Example
     511                 :     @code
     512                 :     // Handler for result only (exceptions rethrown)
     513                 :     run_async(ex, [](int result) {
     514                 :         std::cout << "Got: " << result << "\n";
     515                 :     })(compute_value());
     516                 : 
     517                 :     // Overloaded handler for both result and exception
     518                 :     run_async(ex, overloaded{
     519                 :         [](int result) { std::cout << "Got: " << result << "\n"; },
     520                 :         [](std::exception_ptr) { std::cout << "Failed\n"; }
     521                 :     })(compute_value());
     522                 :     @endcode
     523                 : 
     524                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     525                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result (and optionally exception).
     526                 : 
     527                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     528                 : 
     529                 :     @see task
     530                 :     @see executor
     531                 : */
     532                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1>
     533                 :     requires detail::RunAsyncHandler<H1>
     534                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     535              94 : run_async(Ex ex, H1 h1)
     536                 : {
     537              94 :     auto* mr = ex.context().get_frame_allocator();
     538                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     539              94 :         std::move(ex),
     540              94 :         std::stop_token{},
     541              94 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>{std::move(h1)},
     542             188 :         mr);
     543                 : }
     544                 : 
     545                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with separate result and error handlers.
     546                 : 
     547                 :     The handler `h1` is called with the task's result on success.
     548                 :     The handler `h2` is called with the exception_ptr on failure.
     549                 : 
     550                 :     @par Thread Safety
     551                 :     The handlers may be called from any thread where the executor
     552                 :     schedules work.
     553                 : 
     554                 :     @par Example
     555                 :     @code
     556                 :     run_async(ex,
     557                 :         [](int result) { std::cout << "Got: " << result << "\n"; },
     558                 :         [](std::exception_ptr ep) {
     559                 :             try { std::rethrow_exception(ep); }
     560                 :             catch (std::exception const& e) {
     561                 :                 std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << "\n";
     562                 :             }
     563                 :         }
     564                 :     )(compute_value());
     565                 :     @endcode
     566                 : 
     567                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     568                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result on success.
     569                 :     @param h2 The handler to invoke with the exception on failure.
     570                 : 
     571                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     572                 : 
     573                 :     @see task
     574                 :     @see executor
     575                 : */
     576                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1, class H2>
     577                 :     requires (detail::RunAsyncHandler<H1> && detail::RunAsyncHandler<H2>)
     578                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     579              91 : run_async(Ex ex, H1 h1, H2 h2)
     580                 : {
     581              91 :     auto* mr = ex.context().get_frame_allocator();
     582                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     583              91 :         std::move(ex),
     584              91 :         std::stop_token{},
     585              91 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>{std::move(h1), std::move(h2)},
     586             182 :         mr);
     587               1 : }
     588                 : 
     589                 : // Ex + stop_token
     590                 : 
     591                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token support.
     592                 : 
     593                 :     The stop token is propagated to the task, enabling cooperative
     594                 :     cancellation. With no handlers, the result is discarded and an
     595                 :     unhandled exception calls `std::terminate`.
     596                 : 
     597                 :     @par Thread Safety
     598                 :     The wrapper may be called from any thread where the executor
     599                 :     schedules work.
     600                 : 
     601                 :     @par Example
     602                 :     @code
     603                 :     std::stop_source source;
     604                 :     run_async(ex, source.get_token())(cancellable_task());
     605                 :     // Later: source.request_stop();
     606                 :     @endcode
     607                 : 
     608                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     609                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     610                 : 
     611                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     612                 : 
     613                 :     @see task
     614                 :     @see executor
     615                 : */
     616                 : template<Executor Ex>
     617                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     618             363 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st)
     619                 : {
     620             363 :     auto* mr = ex.context().get_frame_allocator();
     621                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::default_handler, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     622             363 :         std::move(ex),
     623             363 :         std::move(st),
     624                 :         detail::default_handler{},
     625             726 :         mr);
     626                 : }
     627                 : 
     628                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token and result handler.
     629                 : 
     630                 :     The stop token is propagated to the task for cooperative cancellation.
     631                 :     The handler `h1` is called with the result on success, and optionally
     632                 :     with exception_ptr if it accepts that type.
     633                 : 
     634                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     635                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     636                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result (and optionally exception).
     637                 : 
     638                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     639                 : 
     640                 :     @see task
     641                 :     @see executor
     642                 : */
     643                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1>
     644                 :     requires detail::RunAsyncHandler<H1>
     645                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     646            2499 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, H1 h1)
     647                 : {
     648            2499 :     auto* mr = ex.context().get_frame_allocator();
     649                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     650            2499 :         std::move(ex),
     651            2499 :         std::move(st),
     652            2499 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>{std::move(h1)},
     653            4998 :         mr);
     654                 : }
     655                 : 
     656                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token and separate handlers.
     657                 : 
     658                 :     The stop token is propagated to the task for cooperative cancellation.
     659                 :     The handler `h1` is called on success, `h2` on failure.
     660                 : 
     661                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     662                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     663                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result on success.
     664                 :     @param h2 The handler to invoke with the exception on failure.
     665                 : 
     666                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     667                 : 
     668                 :     @see task
     669                 :     @see executor
     670                 : */
     671                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1, class H2>
     672                 :     requires (detail::RunAsyncHandler<H1> && detail::RunAsyncHandler<H2>)
     673                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     674              11 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, H1 h1, H2 h2)
     675                 : {
     676              11 :     auto* mr = ex.context().get_frame_allocator();
     677                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     678              11 :         std::move(ex),
     679              11 :         std::move(st),
     680              11 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>{std::move(h1), std::move(h2)},
     681              22 :         mr);
     682                 : }
     683                 : 
     684                 : // Ex + memory_resource*
     685                 : 
     686                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with custom memory resource.
     687                 : 
     688                 :     The memory resource is used for coroutine frame allocation. The caller
     689                 :     is responsible for ensuring the memory resource outlives all tasks.
     690                 : 
     691                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     692                 :     @param mr The memory resource for frame allocation.
     693                 : 
     694                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     695                 : 
     696                 :     @see task
     697                 :     @see executor
     698                 : */
     699                 : template<Executor Ex>
     700                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     701               1 : run_async(Ex ex, std::pmr::memory_resource* mr)
     702                 : {
     703                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::default_handler, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     704               1 :         std::move(ex),
     705               2 :         std::stop_token{},
     706                 :         detail::default_handler{},
     707               1 :         mr);
     708                 : }
     709                 : 
     710                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with memory resource and handler.
     711                 : 
     712                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     713                 :     @param mr The memory resource for frame allocation.
     714                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result (and optionally exception).
     715                 : 
     716                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     717                 : 
     718                 :     @see task
     719                 :     @see executor
     720                 : */
     721                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1>
     722                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     723               1 : run_async(Ex ex, std::pmr::memory_resource* mr, H1 h1)
     724                 : {
     725                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     726               1 :         std::move(ex),
     727               1 :         std::stop_token{},
     728               1 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>{std::move(h1)},
     729               2 :         mr);
     730                 : }
     731                 : 
     732                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with memory resource and handlers.
     733                 : 
     734                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     735                 :     @param mr The memory resource for frame allocation.
     736                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result on success.
     737                 :     @param h2 The handler to invoke with the exception on failure.
     738                 : 
     739                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     740                 : 
     741                 :     @see task
     742                 :     @see executor
     743                 : */
     744                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1, class H2>
     745                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     746                 : run_async(Ex ex, std::pmr::memory_resource* mr, H1 h1, H2 h2)
     747                 : {
     748                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     749                 :         std::move(ex),
     750                 :         std::stop_token{},
     751                 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>{std::move(h1), std::move(h2)},
     752                 :         mr);
     753                 : }
     754                 : 
     755                 : // Ex + stop_token + memory_resource*
     756                 : 
     757                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token and memory resource.
     758                 : 
     759                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     760                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     761                 :     @param mr The memory resource for frame allocation.
     762                 : 
     763                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     764                 : 
     765                 :     @see task
     766                 :     @see executor
     767                 : */
     768                 : template<Executor Ex>
     769                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     770               1 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, std::pmr::memory_resource* mr)
     771                 : {
     772                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::default_handler, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     773               1 :         std::move(ex),
     774               1 :         std::move(st),
     775                 :         detail::default_handler{},
     776               2 :         mr);
     777                 : }
     778                 : 
     779                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token, memory resource, and handler.
     780                 : 
     781                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     782                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     783                 :     @param mr The memory resource for frame allocation.
     784                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result (and optionally exception).
     785                 : 
     786                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     787                 : 
     788                 :     @see task
     789                 :     @see executor
     790                 : */
     791                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1>
     792                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     793                 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, std::pmr::memory_resource* mr, H1 h1)
     794                 : {
     795                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     796                 :         std::move(ex),
     797                 :         std::move(st),
     798                 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>{std::move(h1)},
     799                 :         mr);
     800                 : }
     801                 : 
     802                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token, memory resource, and handlers.
     803                 : 
     804                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     805                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     806                 :     @param mr The memory resource for frame allocation.
     807                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result on success.
     808                 :     @param h2 The handler to invoke with the exception on failure.
     809                 : 
     810                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     811                 : 
     812                 :     @see task
     813                 :     @see executor
     814                 : */
     815                 : template<Executor Ex, class H1, class H2>
     816                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     817                 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, std::pmr::memory_resource* mr, H1 h1, H2 h2)
     818                 : {
     819                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>, std::pmr::memory_resource*>(
     820                 :         std::move(ex),
     821                 :         std::move(st),
     822                 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>{std::move(h1), std::move(h2)},
     823                 :         mr);
     824                 : }
     825                 : 
     826                 : // Ex + standard Allocator (value type)
     827                 : 
     828                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with custom allocator.
     829                 : 
     830                 :     The allocator is wrapped in a frame_memory_resource and stored in the
     831                 :     run_async_trampoline, ensuring it outlives all coroutine frames.
     832                 : 
     833                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     834                 :     @param alloc The allocator for frame allocation (copied and stored).
     835                 : 
     836                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     837                 : 
     838                 :     @see task
     839                 :     @see executor
     840                 : */
     841                 : template<Executor Ex, detail::Allocator Alloc>
     842                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     843                 : run_async(Ex ex, Alloc alloc)
     844                 : {
     845                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::default_handler, Alloc>(
     846                 :         std::move(ex),
     847                 :         std::stop_token{},
     848                 :         detail::default_handler{},
     849                 :         std::move(alloc));
     850                 : }
     851                 : 
     852                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with allocator and handler.
     853                 : 
     854                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     855                 :     @param alloc The allocator for frame allocation (copied and stored).
     856                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result (and optionally exception).
     857                 : 
     858                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     859                 : 
     860                 :     @see task
     861                 :     @see executor
     862                 : */
     863                 : template<Executor Ex, detail::Allocator Alloc, class H1>
     864                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     865               1 : run_async(Ex ex, Alloc alloc, H1 h1)
     866                 : {
     867                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>, Alloc>(
     868               1 :         std::move(ex),
     869               1 :         std::stop_token{},
     870               1 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>{std::move(h1)},
     871               4 :         std::move(alloc));
     872                 : }
     873                 : 
     874                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with allocator and handlers.
     875                 : 
     876                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     877                 :     @param alloc The allocator for frame allocation (copied and stored).
     878                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result on success.
     879                 :     @param h2 The handler to invoke with the exception on failure.
     880                 : 
     881                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     882                 : 
     883                 :     @see task
     884                 :     @see executor
     885                 : */
     886                 : template<Executor Ex, detail::Allocator Alloc, class H1, class H2>
     887                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     888               1 : run_async(Ex ex, Alloc alloc, H1 h1, H2 h2)
     889                 : {
     890                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>, Alloc>(
     891               1 :         std::move(ex),
     892               1 :         std::stop_token{},
     893               1 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>{std::move(h1), std::move(h2)},
     894               4 :         std::move(alloc));
     895                 : }
     896                 : 
     897                 : // Ex + stop_token + standard Allocator
     898                 : 
     899                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token and allocator.
     900                 : 
     901                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     902                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     903                 :     @param alloc The allocator for frame allocation (copied and stored).
     904                 : 
     905                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     906                 : 
     907                 :     @see task
     908                 :     @see executor
     909                 : */
     910                 : template<Executor Ex, detail::Allocator Alloc>
     911                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     912                 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, Alloc alloc)
     913                 : {
     914                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::default_handler, Alloc>(
     915                 :         std::move(ex),
     916                 :         std::move(st),
     917                 :         detail::default_handler{},
     918                 :         std::move(alloc));
     919                 : }
     920                 : 
     921                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token, allocator, and handler.
     922                 : 
     923                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     924                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     925                 :     @param alloc The allocator for frame allocation (copied and stored).
     926                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result (and optionally exception).
     927                 : 
     928                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     929                 : 
     930                 :     @see task
     931                 :     @see executor
     932                 : */
     933                 : template<Executor Ex, detail::Allocator Alloc, class H1>
     934                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     935                 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, Alloc alloc, H1 h1)
     936                 : {
     937                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>, Alloc>(
     938                 :         std::move(ex),
     939                 :         std::move(st),
     940                 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, detail::default_handler>{std::move(h1)},
     941                 :         std::move(alloc));
     942                 : }
     943                 : 
     944                 : /** Asynchronously launch a lazy task with stop token, allocator, and handlers.
     945                 : 
     946                 :     @param ex The executor to execute the task on.
     947                 :     @param st The stop token for cooperative cancellation.
     948                 :     @param alloc The allocator for frame allocation (copied and stored).
     949                 :     @param h1 The handler to invoke with the result on success.
     950                 :     @param h2 The handler to invoke with the exception on failure.
     951                 : 
     952                 :     @return A wrapper that accepts a `task<T>` for immediate execution.
     953                 : 
     954                 :     @see task
     955                 :     @see executor
     956                 : */
     957                 : template<Executor Ex, detail::Allocator Alloc, class H1, class H2>
     958                 : [[nodiscard]] auto
     959                 : run_async(Ex ex, std::stop_token st, Alloc alloc, H1 h1, H2 h2)
     960                 : {
     961                 :     return run_async_wrapper<Ex, detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>, Alloc>(
     962                 :         std::move(ex),
     963                 :         std::move(st),
     964                 :         detail::handler_pair<H1, H2>{std::move(h1), std::move(h2)},
     965                 :         std::move(alloc));
     966                 : }
     967                 : 
     968                 : } // namespace capy
     969                 : } // namespace boost
     970                 : 
     971                 : #endif
        

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